Property taxes in California are a relative bargain compared to the rest of the nation. With limits in place enforced by Proposition 13, generally property taxes cannot exceed 1% of a property’s market value. Assessed value cannot exceed increases of more than 2% a year. The Office of the Tax Collector is responsible for collecting taxes on all secured and unsecured property in Orange County. This office is also responsible for the sale of property subject to the "power to sell," properties that have unpaid property taxes that have been delinquent over five years. Some information relating to property taxes is …While the exact property tax rate you will pay for your properties is set by the local tax assessor, you can estimate your yearly property tax burden by choosing the state and county in which your property is located and entering the approximate Fair Market Value of your property into the calculator. You can click the "More Information" link to ...The Tax Withholding Estimator doesn't ask for personal information such as your name, social security number, address or bank account numbers. We don't save or record the information you enter in the estimator. For details on how to protect yourself from scams, see Tax Scams/Consumer Alerts. Check your W-4 tax withholding with the IRS …Our Los Angeles property tax calculator calculates the taxes you’ll pay after buying a property in Los Angeles. Make better property purchase decisions. Calculate. County tax. $ 4,100. County tax rate. 0.82%.Jan 1, 2024 · Income in America is taxed by the federal government, most state governments and many local governments. The federal income tax system is progressive, so the rate of taxation increases as income increases. Marginal tax rates range from 10% to 37%. Enter your financial details to calculate your taxes. Household Income. Calculate how much you'll pay in property taxes on your home, given your location and assessed home value. Compare your rate to the California and U.S. average.Virginia Property Tax. Homeowners in the state of Virginia pay property tax rates that are well below the national average of 1.07%. In fact, the state's average effective property tax rate is just 0. 80%, which falls in the bottom half of the nation. Home values are quite high in Virginia, though, so homeowners here often pay annual property ...California State Income Tax Rates and Brackets (2023-2024) California has nine state income tax rates, ranging from 1% to 12.3%. Your tax rate and tax bracket depend on your taxable income and ...To use the calculator, just enter your property's current market value (such as a current appraisal, or a recent purchase price). For comparison, the median home value in Nevada County is $444,100.00. If you need to find your property's most recent tax assessment, or the actual property tax due on your property, contact the Nevada County Tax ...If you need to find your property’s most recent tax assessment, or the actual property tax due on your property, contactyour county or city’s property tax assessor. The median property tax on a $384,200.00 house is $2,843.08 in California. The median property tax on a $384,200.00 house is $4,034.10 in the United States.Find out the average property tax rate and amount for any county in California based on median home value and income. Use the free property tax calculator tool to estimate …0.4% on the value of your property above $4 million. Example: A $5 Million Assessed Value Detached Home in 2020. A $5 million detached home would have to pay an additional school tax of $6,000 in 2020. 0.2% x $1M = $2,000 (Value between $3M and $4M) 0.4% x $1M = $4,000 (Value above $4M) Total: $6000.If you need to find your property’s most recent tax assessment, or the actual property tax due on your property, contactyour county or city’s property tax assessor. The median property tax on a $384,200.00 house is $2,843.08 in California. The median property tax on a $384,200.00 house is $4,034.10 in the United States.To use the calculator, just enter your property's current market value (such as a current appraisal, or a recent purchase price). For comparison, the median home value in Shasta County is $267,600.00. If you need to find your property's most recent tax assessment, or the actual property tax due on your property, contact the Shasta County Tax ...Use SmartAsset's Tax Return Calculator to see how your income, withholdings, deductions and credits impact your tax refund or balance due amount. This calculator is updated with rates, brackets and other information for your 2023 taxes, which you'll file in 2024. Details. Federal Withholding. Your Tax Return Breakdown. Total Income. Adjustments.Summary. If you make $55,000 a year living in the region of California, USA, you will be taxed $11,676. That means that your net pay will be $43,324 per year, or $3,610 per month. Your average tax rate is 21.2% and your marginal tax rate is 39.6%. This marginal tax rate means that your immediate additional income will be taxed at this rate.In California, capital gains are taxed by both the state and federal governments. On the state level, California’s Franchise Tax Board (FTB) taxes all capital gains as regular income. Depending on your tax bracket, the tax can be anywhere from 1% to 13.3%. On the federal level, gains can either be considered short-term or long-term.To use the calculator, just enter your property's current market value (such as a current appraisal, or a recent purchase price). For comparison, the median home value in Los …A county with a mill levy of $10 implies a property tax rate of 1%. The median mill levy in the U.S. is $10.30 or 1.03%. This tax rate can vary significantly depending on government services and their required revenue. For example, a county with several schools and hospitals is likely to have a higher property tax than a county without them. Mello-Roos taxes are voted on by property owners and are used to customer special districts through financing for services, public work or other improvements. Office of LA County Assessor Jeff Prang – Steadfast to creating accurate & fairly assessed features values. Info: 213-974-3211 | [email protected]. Find out how much you'll pay in California state income taxes given your annual income. Customize using your filing status, deductions, exemptions and more.Tax calculator, tables, rates. Calculate your 2023 tax. Quickly figure your 2023 tax by entering your filing status and income. Tax calculator is for 2023 tax year only. Do not …The California tax calculator is updated for the 2024/25 tax year. The CA Tax Calculator calculates Federal Taxes (where applicable), Medicare, Pensions Plans (FICA Etc.) allow for single, joint and head of household filing in CAS. The California income tax calculator is designed to provide a salary example with salary deductions made in ... The countries that define their "sales tax" as a GST are Spain, Greece, India, Canada, Singapore, and Malaysia. Free calculator to find the sales tax amount/rate, before tax price, and after-tax price. Also, check the sales tax rates in different states of the U.S. California State Sales Tax. -5.00%. Maximum Local Sales Tax. 2.50%. Maximum Possible Sales Tax. 8.44%. Average Local + State Sales Tax. The Tax-Rates.org California Sales Tax Calculator is a powerful tool you can use to quickly calculate local and state sales tax for any location in California. Just enter the five-digit zip code of the location ...4 days ago · California State Income Tax Rates and Brackets (2023-2024) California has nine state income tax rates, ranging from 1% to 12.3%. Your tax rate and tax bracket depend on your taxable income and ... To use the calculator, just enter your property's current market value (such as a current appraisal, or a recent purchase price). For comparison, the median home value in Los …License Plate *. Enter 2-7 characters. Do not use blank spaces. Leave out special characters when entering a plate number. For Kids Plates, please leave out any symbols. VIN *. Enter the last 5 digits of the vehicle identification number (VIN). Tax Year *. …Posted on March 19, 2024. Calculating your property taxes in California just got easier with the California Property Tax Calculator. This tool provides an accurate estimate of …Jan 1, 2024 · California’s base sales tax is 6.00%. This means that regardless of where you are in the state, you will pay an additional 6.00% of the purchase price of any taxable good. Many cities and counties also enact their own sales taxes, ranging from 1.25% to 4.75%. So the maximum combined rate is 10.75%. California’s current tax system is based on a constitutional amendment adopted in 1978 known as Proposition 13. Under this law, all property has an established base year value that restricts assessment increases to a maximum of 2% each year. The base year value stays in effect until the property changes ownership, or new construction is added. Summary. If you make $55,000 a year living in the region of California, USA, you will be taxed $11,676. That means that your net pay will be $43,324 per year, or $3,610 per month. Your average tax rate is 21.2% and your marginal tax rate is 39.6%. This marginal tax rate means that your immediate additional income will be taxed at this rate. To use the calculator, just enter your property's current market value (such as a current appraisal, or a recent purchase price). For comparison, the median home value in San Joaquin County is $318,600.00. If you need to find your property's most recent tax assessment, or the actual property tax due on your property, contact the San Joaquin ...2023 Property Tax Value. $1,455. 2023 Residential Property Tax Rate. 0.291046 %. 2023 Tax rates for Cities Near Richmond. City. Final Tax Rate. Vancouver. 0.278070 %.Property taxes in Florida come in a bit below national averages. The state’s average effective property tax rate is 0.80%, which is lower than the U.S. average (0.99%). The typical homeowner in Florida pays $2,338 annually in property taxes, although that amount varies greatly between counties. There are some laws that limit the taxes due on ...If you think the value of the property is incorrect, please contact the Assessor's Office at 925-313-7600. The voter-approved bonds that make up the tax rate cannot be changed. If the special assessments are incorrect, please call the phone number listed to the right of the special assessment. You can also contact the districts directly at ...To use the calculator, just enter your property's current market value (such as a current appraisal, or a recent purchase price). For comparison, the median home value in Santa Barbara County is $576,500.00. If you need to find your property's most recent tax assessment, or the actual property tax due on your property, contact the Santa Barbara ...A tax of 10 mills on a property with an assessed value of $10,000 is equal to $100 ($10,000 x 0.1). An effective tax rate is the amount you actually pay annually divided by the value of your property. So if you pay $1,500 in taxes annually and your home’s market value is $100,000, your effective tax rate is 1.5%.On your California state income taxes, using forms 540 or 540 2EZ, simply put in the amount owed on the appropriate line for the entire year 1. You can save all of your receipts and report the exact amount you owe or follow the instructions included with your income tax return to use the Use Tax Lookup Table for nonbusiness items with a ...To use the calculator, just enter your property's current market value (such as a current appraisal, or a recent purchase price). For comparison, the median home value in San Francisco County is $785,200.00. If you need to find your property's most recent tax assessment, or the actual property tax due on your property, contact the San Francisco ...California recently removed the wage cap on its 1.1% employee payroll tax for State Disability Insurance (SDI). So, the percentage of wages paid to residents on …Summary. If you make $52,000 a year living in the region of Ontario, Canada, you will be taxed $14,043. That means that your net pay will be $37,957 per year, or $3,163 per month. Your average tax rate is 27.0% and your marginal tax rate is 35.3%. This marginal tax rate means that your immediate additional income will be taxed at this rate.SmartAssetWhile the exact property tax rate you will pay for your properties is set by the local tax assessor, you can estimate your yearly property tax burden by choosing the state and county in which your property is located and entering the approximate Fair Market Value of your property into the calculator. You can click the "More Information" link to ... FICA contributions are shared between the employee and the employer. 6.2% of each of your paychecks is withheld for Social Security taxes and your employer contributes a further 6.2%. However, the 6.2% that you pay only applies to income up to the Social Security tax cap, which for 2023 is $160,200 ($168,600 for 2024). Orange County Property Tax Rates. The median home value in Orange County, is $703,800 and the median property tax payment is $5,588. The revenue generated from Orange County property taxes is needed to provide funding for schools, public libraries and other local projects and initiatives. Receive the property tax bill from the county assessor’s office. Verify the accuracy of the bill, including property details and assessment values. Calculate the amount owed by multiplying the assessed value by the applicable tax rate. Make the payment by the designated due date, either online, by mail, or in person.If you think the value of the property is incorrect, please contact the Assessor's Office at 925-313-7600. The voter-approved bonds that make up the tax rate cannot be changed. If the special assessments are incorrect, please call the phone number listed to the right of the special assessment. You can also contact the districts directly at ...Estimate My California Property Tax. Our California Property Tax Calculator can estimate your property taxes based on similar properties, and show you how your property tax …For Social Security, the tax is 6.2% of your gross pay up to a certain limit ($160,200 in 2023) and for Medicare, the tax is 1.45% of your gross pay with no limit. Some high-income earners may also have to pay an additional 0.9% Medicare surtax. Your employer matches these taxes (aside from the surtax) so they contribute an equal amount to ... Property taxes in California are a relative bargain compared to the rest of the nation. With limits in place enforced by Proposition 13, generally property taxes cannot exceed 1% of a property’s market value. Assessed value cannot exceed increases of more than 2% a year. Our Los Angeles property tax calculator calculates the taxes you’ll pay after buying a property in Los Angeles. Make better property purchase decisions. Calculate. County tax. $ 4,100. County tax rate. 0.82%.Calculate property taxes including California property taxes. Most annual property taxes include a computation based on a percentage of the assessed value. …In reality, you would likely pay around $1,900 in annual property taxes due to differences between the assessed value of the property and its market value. Your Effective Property Tax Rate would be 0.3726%, lower than the official property tax rate of 0.614770%.How to calculate annual income. To calculate an annual salary, multiply the gross pay (before tax deductions) by the number of pay periods per year. For example, if an employee earns $1,500 per week, the individual’s annual income would be 1,500 x 52 = $78,000. How to calculate taxes taken out of a paycheckIncome tax: 1 percent to 12.3 percent. California has nine tax brackets, ranging from 1 percent to 12.3 percent. Those who make over $1 million also pay an additional 1 percent income tax. Property tax: 0.75 percent of a home’s assessed value (average) Real estate taxes vary across California, with an average tax rate of 0.75 …That’s a Prop 13 perk. Finally, you must multiply the purchase price or your new home by the property tax rate of your California county. Say you purchased a new house at a fair market value of $800,000 in Los Angeles county… $800,000 times 0.01 (1%). Your property tax for the year in Los Angeles County, for this simple example, is $8,000.After getting a 2023 tax return estimate using the TaxCaster tax estimator for the 2024 tax filing season, it's time to plan. If you're expecting a refund, consider how you can use it wisely. Maybe it's time to boost your emergency fund, pay down debt, or invest in your future. If you owe taxes, start budgeting now to cover that upcoming expense.The Income Tax Calculator estimates the refund or potential owed amount on a federal tax return. It is mainly intended for residents of the U.S. and is based on the tax brackets of 2023 and 2024. The 2024 tax values can be used for 1040-ES estimation, planning ahead, or comparison. File Status.To use the calculator, just enter your property's current market value (such as a current appraisal, or a recent purchase price). For comparison, the median home value in Santa Barbara County is $576,500.00. If you need to find your property's most recent tax assessment, or the actual property tax due on your property, contact the Santa Barbara ...Jan 10, 2024 · The Tax Withholding Estimator doesn't ask for personal information such as your name, social security number, address or bank account numbers. We don't save or record the information you enter in the estimator. For details on how to protect yourself from scams, see Tax Scams/Consumer Alerts. Check your W-4 tax withholding with the IRS Tax ... To use our California Salary Tax Calculator, all you need to do is enter the necessary details and click on the "Calculate" button. After a few seconds, you will be provided with a full breakdown of the tax you are paying. This breakdown will include how much income tax you are paying, state taxes, federal taxes, and many other costs.Revenue and Taxation Code sections 75–75.72 detail the laws governing the supplemental assessment process. Below are examples of types of properties subject to, and not subject to, supplemental assessments. Subject to Supplemental Assessments. Not Subject to Supplemental Assessments. Real property subject to Article XIII A … Orange County Property Tax Rates. The median home value in Orange County, is $703,800 and the median property tax payment is $5,588. The revenue generated from Orange County property taxes is needed to provide funding for schools, public libraries and other local projects and initiatives. To use the calculator, just enter your property's current market value (such as a current appraisal, or a recent purchase price). For comparison, the median home value in Orange County is $607,900.00. If you need to find your property's most recent tax assessment, or the actual property tax due on your property, contact the Orange County Tax ...California real property owners can claim a $7,000 exemption on their primary residence. This reduces the assessed value by $7,000, saving you up to $70 per year. You should claim the exemption after you buy a real property, as you do not have to reapply each year. Here are the California real property tax rates, by county:The Tax Withholding Estimator doesn't ask for personal information such as your name, social security number, address or bank account numbers. We don't save or record the information you enter in the estimator. For details on how to protect yourself from scams, see Tax Scams/Consumer Alerts. Check your W-4 tax withholding with the IRS …Taxes are Collected. The Tax Collector is then responsible for mailing tax bills, collecting taxes and distributing revenue to the 63 different taxing authorities in Orange County. The Tax Collector also performs tax certificate sales, collects Tangible Personal Property Taxes and returns unused fees to the taxing authorities.2023 Property Tax Value. $1,455. 2023 Residential Property Tax Rate. 0.291046 %. 2023 Tax rates for Cities Near Richmond. City. Final Tax Rate. Vancouver. 0.278070 %.That’s a Prop 13 perk. Finally, you must multiply the purchase price or your new home by the property tax rate of your California county. Say you purchased a new house at a fair market value of $800,000 in Los Angeles county… $800,000 times 0.01 (1%). Your property tax for the year in Los Angeles County, for this simple example, is $8,000.To use the calculator, just enter your property's current market value (such as a current appraisal, or a recent purchase price). For comparison, the median home value in Santa Clara County is $701,000.00. If you need to find your property's most recent tax assessment, or the actual property tax due on your property, contact the Santa Clara ... While the exact property tax rate you will pay for your properties is set by the local tax assessor, you can estimate your yearly property tax burden by choosing the state and county in which your property is located and entering the approximate Fair Market Value of your property into the calculator. You can click the "More Information" link to ... Mello-Roos taxes are voted on by property owners and are used to customer special districts through financing for services, public work or other improvements. Office of LA County Assessor Jeff Prang – Steadfast to creating accurate & fairly assessed features values. Info: 213-974-3211 | [email protected]. Find out how much you'll pay in California state income taxes given your annual income. Customize using your filing status, deductions, exemptions and more.Income tax: 1 percent to 12.3 percent. California has nine tax brackets, ranging from 1 percent to 12.3 percent. Those who make over $1 million also pay an additional 1 percent income tax. Property tax: 0.75 percent of a home’s assessed value (average) Real estate taxes vary across California, with an average tax rate of 0.75 …To use the calculator, just enter your property's current market value (such as a current appraisal, or a recent purchase price). For comparison, the median home value in Shasta County is $267,600.00. If you need to find your property's most recent tax assessment, or the actual property tax due on your property, contact the Shasta County Tax ...In fact, the median annual property tax payment is $5,361. Tax rates are set locally by cities and towns in Massachusetts, with total rates generally ranging from 1% to 2% (10 to 20 mills) with a few outliers at 0.33%. Incorporating all areas, the state's average effective tax rate is 1.12%. This is above the national average, which is 0.99%.To use the calculator, just enter your property's current market value (such as a current appraisal, or a recent purchase price). For comparison, the median home value in Ventura County is $568,700.00. If you need to find your property's most recent tax assessment, or the actual property tax due on your property, contact the Ventura County Tax ...Estimate your property tax savings with Prop 19, a new law that allows eligible homeowners to transfer their base year value to a new primary residence. Enter your …Property Tax Due Dates in California. In California, property tax bills are sent out by the county tax collector and are due in two installments. The first installment is due on 1st November & becomes delinquent after December 10, while the second is due on February 1 and becomes delinquent after April 10. By choosing Labrada Group for your ...The first number after the decimal point is tenths (.1), the second number after the decimal point is hundredths (.01), and going out three places is thousandths (.001), or "mills". Now here's where it gets confusing. One mill is .001. Ten mills is .010 & One hundred mills is .100. TAX RATE. MILLS.Estimate your California property taxes with our free California property tax calculator. Input details like purchase price to calculate your estimated property tax bill and see how …Dec 6, 2022 · If you need to find your property’s most recent tax assessment, or the actual property tax due on your property, contactyour county or city’s property tax assessor. The median property tax on a $384,200.00 house is $2,843.08 in California. The median property tax on a $384,200.00 house is $4,034.10 in the United States. Tax calculator, tables, rates. Calculate your 2023 tax. Quickly figure your 2023 tax by entering your filing status and income. Tax calculator is for 2023 tax year only. Do not …Military personnel stationed in California are exempt from payment of the vehicle license fee (VLF) on any vehicle owned or leased and registered in California provided: The nonresident military owner is shown as a lessee or registered owner of the vehicle. The vehicle is not operated “for hire.”PO Box 942867. Sacramento CA 94267-0008. Use Estimated Tax for Individuals (Form 540-ES) 7. vouchers to pay your estimated tax by mail. Make your check or money order payable to the “Franchise Tax Board”. Write your SSN or ITIN and “2024 Form 540-ES” on it. There is a separate payment form for each due date.We provide a Prop 19 calculator to help homeowners estimate the property tax savings they can realize if eligible for Prop 19 California benefits. Denise Spicher and Doug Spicher's goal is explain Prop 19 in terms of how it can allow California homeowners to transfer their current home's tax assessed value to their next home. We provide a Prop ...Buying, Selling or Moving. Set up, finalize or request updates (change mailing address) to your property tax account. Never miss a payment due date! Sign up for pre-authorized payments on MyToronto Pay to pay automatically from your bank account or credit/debit card. MyToronto Pay A new way to manage and pay your property taxes and utility bills.
Property taxes in California are a relative bargain compared to the rest of the nation. With limits in place enforced by Proposition 13, generally property taxes cannot exceed 1% of a property’s market value. Assessed value cannot exceed increases of more than 2% a year.. Mansion in los angeles
California State Income Tax Rates and Brackets (2023-2024) California has nine state income tax rates, ranging from 1% to 12.3%. Your tax rate and tax bracket depend on your taxable income and ... California real property owners can claim a $7,000 exemption on their primary residence. This reduces the assessed value by $7,000, saving you up to $70 per year. You should claim the exemption after you buy a real property, as you do not have to reapply each year. Here are the California real property tax rates, by county: Individuals. You do not have to report the sale of your home if all of the following apply: Your gain from the sale was less than $250,000. You have not used the exclusion in the last 2 years. You owned and occupied the home for …Oregon has property tax rates that are nearly in line with national averages. The effective property tax rate in Oregon is 0.82%, while the U.S. average currently stands at 0.99%. However, specific tax rates can vary drastically depending on the county in …After getting a 2023 tax return estimate using the TaxCaster tax estimator for the 2024 tax filing season, it's time to plan. If you're expecting a refund, consider how you can use it wisely. Maybe it's time to boost your emergency fund, pay down debt, or invest in your future. If you owe taxes, start budgeting now to cover that upcoming expense.Visit calgary.ca/assessmentsearch to obtain your assessment value online. For questions about your assessment, call 403-268-2888. *The calculator provides an estimate of your 2024 Property Tax bill, which is mailed at the end of May. Your actual bill may include factors specific to your account that may change the total amount owed.In California, capital gains are taxed by both the state and federal governments. On the state level, California’s Franchise Tax Board (FTB) taxes all capital gains as regular income. Depending on your tax bracket, the tax can be anywhere from 1% to 13.3%. On the federal level, gains can either be considered short-term or long-term.Tax calculator, tables, rates. Calculate your 2023 tax. Quickly figure your 2023 tax by entering your filing status and income. Tax calculator is for 2023 tax year only. Do not …Estimate your California property taxes with our free California property tax calculator. Input details like purchase price to calculate your estimated property tax bill and see how …Nov 20, 2023 · Receive the property tax bill from the county assessor’s office. Verify the accuracy of the bill, including property details and assessment values. Calculate the amount owed by multiplying the assessed value by the applicable tax rate. Make the payment by the designated due date, either online, by mail, or in person. Receive the property tax bill from the county assessor’s office. Verify the accuracy of the bill, including property details and assessment values. Calculate the amount owed by multiplying the assessed value by the applicable tax rate. Make the payment by the designated due date, either online, by mail, or in person. The California Tax Calculator is for the 2024 tax year which means you can use it for estimating your 2025 tax return in California, the calculator allows you to calculate income tax and payroll taxes and deductions in California. This includes calculations for. Employees in California to calculate their annual salary after tax. Enter your county and state and home value to see the average property tax rate and monthly or yearly tax costs. Compare your property tax rate with other metros and …California Mortgage Relief: Property Tax Assistance . The California Mortgage Relief Program has raised the limit for assistance from $20,000 to a maximum of $80,000 per household! This program uses federal Homeowner Assistance Funds to help homeowners get caught up on past-due housing payments and property taxes. It is absolutely free to …Property Tax Calculator :: Estimate Your Property Tax. What is the most recent assessed value of your property? Enter the zip code in which the property is located to estimate your property tax: Estimate My Property Tax! If you need to find out the exact property tax owed on any property, you can contact the local property tax assessor for the ...4 days ago · California State Income Tax Rates and Brackets (2023-2024) California has nine state income tax rates, ranging from 1% to 12.3%. Your tax rate and tax bracket depend on your taxable income and ... Calculating your California state income tax is similar to the steps we listed on our Federal paycheck calculator: Determine your gross income. Annual salary. Annual salary = Gross income. Hourly wage. Hourly wage × Hours worked per day × Days worked per week × Weeks worked per year = Your weekly paycheck.The undersigned certify that, as of June 13, 2023, the internet website of the California Department of Tax and Fee Administration is designed, developed, and maintained to be in compliance with California Government Code Sections 7405, 11135, and 11546.7 and the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 2.1, Level AA success ….
Popular Topics
- Houses for sale in monticello gaCrossings 501
- Homes for sale in west seattleHomes for sale in delray florida
- Homes for sale in lake countyHomes for sale chehalis wa
- Brownsburg indiana homes for saleApartments in midlothian va
- Homes for sale monrovia mdApartments in upper west side nyc
- Capital creek at heritageHomes for sale in olympia washington
- Houses for rent in woodstock ilVicino on the lake